Introduction:

Updated in January 2024.

When it comes to enhancing the worship experience, the role of audio technology in churches cannot be overstated. A well-designed sound system can amplify sermons, elevate musical performances, and create a conducive environment for spiritual engagement. However, installing a new sound system in a church requires careful consideration to ensure optimal performance and seamless integration. Remember, no one goes home humming the lights.

Before we dive in, every Church, congregation, or body is different. Churches have diverse style, goals, and setting that provide for unique challenges for each audio system. Throughout this blog, focus on the themes that we are highlighting. Ultimately, by evaluating the goals and requirements, budget, compatibility, acoustic analysis, user-friendliness, equipment quality, room aesthetics, accessibility, and maintenance, churches can ensure a sound system that enhances the worship experience and meets the unique needs of their congregation. At The Penn Group, we’ve made a name for ourselves by installing huge stereos inside churches. We like to rock, but not every church needs to rock. We believe there is a place for every church, every style, and every demographic within the body of Christ, and as such every system will reflect the great diversity that exists within the Church.

If you need help with selecting, designing, installing or need advice regarding your sound system, please reach out! sales@thepenn.group or (614) 741-5306.

Now, on to the top 10 considerations for selecting a sound system or public address system (PA) for your church:

Start with Coverage:

First, let’s start with a bonus:

Endlessly debated in the church world is the difference, preference, and advantages of a Line Source system compared to a Point Source system. The simple answer is, no solution is perfect for every situation. However, depending on measurable, arguable metrics such as coverage, performance over the frequency spectrum, and budget, a clear advantage will emerge.

When considering a new sound system for a church, one crucial decision to make is whether to opt for a point source system or a line array system. Each system has its own advantages and considerations that need to be evaluated based on the specific needs and characteristics of the church. Let’s explore the key factors when comparing point source and line array systems:

Sound Dispersion and Coverage:

Point Source System:

A point source system typically consists of a single loudspeaker enclosure that radiates sound in all directions. This configuration provides even sound dispersion and coverage across the entire audience area. Point source systems work well in smaller churches or venues where the audience is relatively close to the speakers.

Line Array System:

A line array system comprises multiple loudspeaker elements vertically stacked or flown together. Line arrays offer more precise control over sound dispersion, allowing for better coverage over long distances and in larger venues. They can project sound evenly and reach a wider audience area, making them suitable for churches with larger seating capacities or challenging acoustic environments.

Vertical Sound Control:

Point Source System:

Point source systems typically provide limited vertical control over sound dispersion. Sound spreads both horizontally and vertically, which can lead to potential challenges in venues with high ceilings or balcony areas. Proper positioning of point source speakers is crucial to mitigate these issues.

Line Array System:

Line array systems offer superior vertical sound control. By adjusting the angles and aiming of individual loudspeaker elements within the array, the coverage can be tailored to match the vertical distribution of the audience. This capability allows for more precise targeting of sound and better control over potential reflections and reverberations in complex venues.

Intelligibility and Clarity:

Point Source System:

Point source systems can deliver excellent sound quality and intelligibility, especially in smaller venues. With the right speaker placement and acoustic considerations, they can provide clear and articulate speech reproduction, making them suitable for churches that prioritize sermon intelligibility over long distances.

Line Array System:

Line array systems excel in providing consistent intelligibility and clarity over a larger audience area. Their precise sound control minimizes echoes, reflections, and variations in sound levels, resulting in improved speech intelligibility and enhanced musical performances. Line arrays are ideal for churches with larger seating capacities or venues where consistent sound quality is critical.

Architectural Considerations:

Point Source System:

Point source systems are generally more discreet and visually less obtrusive compared to line array systems. They are easier to integrate into the architecture of the church without compromising the aesthetics. This makes them suitable for churches where preserving the visual ambiance of the space is a priority.

Line Array System:

Line array systems, due to their multiple loudspeaker elements, can be more visually prominent. They may require flying or suspending the loudspeaker arrays, which can impact the aesthetic appeal of the church interior. However, advancements in line array design have made it possible to achieve more visually appealing and compact line array configurations that can blend seamlessly with the architectural elements.

Budget and Scalability:

Point Source System:

Point source systems are generally more cost-effective and simpler to implement compared to line array systems. They require fewer components and can be a more budget-friendly option for smaller churches with limited resources. They are also easier to scale up or down, making them adaptable for future growth or changes in the church’s needs.

Line Array System:

Line array systems often come at a higher cost due to the multiple loudspeaker elements and the associated hardware required for their installation. However, line arrays offer scalability and the ability to accommodate larger venues or growing congregations more effectively. They provide greater flexibility for future expansion or changes in the church’s audio requirements.

Choosing between a point source system and a line array system depends on several factors, including the size of the church, seating capacity, acoustic characteristics, budget, and aesthetic considerations.

1 – System Goals and Requirements:

Clearly defining the goals and requirements for the sound system is fundamental. Consider factors such as the size of the congregation, types of services and events held, musical performances, and any future expansion plans. These aspects will help shape the system design and equipment choices to meet the specific needs of the church. For example, a larger church with a strong musical emphasis might require a system capable of delivering high-quality music reproduction, while a smaller church may prioritize speech intelligibility. Additionally, when comparing point source systems and line array systems, factors such as sound dispersion and coverage, vertical sound control, intelligibility and clarity, architectural considerations, and budget and scalability should be taken into account. Choosing the right system depends on the specific characteristics of the church and its desired audio outcomes.

2 – Budget and Long-Term Cost:

Establishing a realistic budget is crucial for a successful sound system installation. For a small system, 100-200 congregants, a quality sound system may exceed $20,000 USD (2023). For larger facilities, the cost can balloon to well over $1 Million USD (2023) for a concert class PA. When attacking the budget conversation, consider not only the initial costs but also the long-term expenses for maintenance, upgrades, and training. It is critical to remember that you will never out suck your PA. If you install a bad stereo, you will never achieve quality beyond what your sound system can produce. This is an essential trade off to understand when selecting a PA. If you select cheap, then you will receive cheap results.

While it may be tempting to allocate a significant portion of the budget to the sound system itself, remember, there are other elements of the system that must be considered:

• Room Treatment
• Audio Mixer
• Band Microphones, Inputs and Drums
• Wireless Microphones and Monitor systems

Estimated PA Cost By Congregation Size

< 100	100-200	200-400	400-800	800+
$5-10K	$10-20K	40-100K	200K-800K	500k-2M

Read our blog on budgeting for your next AVL Upgrade in 2024.

3 – Professional Consultation:

Seeking professional expertise from an experienced audio consultant or system integrator is highly recommended. Integrators can evaluate the church’s specific needs, conduct site visits, and provide valuable recommendations tailored to the church’s requirements. A professional consultation can help ensure a well-designed system that optimizes audio quality, coverage, and intelligibility. An integrator will analyze the church’s acoustics, understand the unique challenges, and recommend suitable equipment and configurations. They can also provide guidance on speaker placement, microphone selection, and signal processing. Integrators will also ensure that the installed system is safe. Sound systems, and other production equipment, can be extremely heavy and if suspended overhead can be deadly if the equipment were to fall. We say in the office: “if this falls people die and everyone goes to jail”. This is an extremely serious

NEVER ‘FLY’ OR SUSPEND EQUIPMENT OVERHEAD WITHOUT A QUALIFED AND CERTIFED RIGGER AND SIGN OFF FROM A STRUCTURAL ENGINEER ON THE RIGGING DESIGN.

4 – Compatibility and Expandability:

When choosing a sound system, consider its compatibility and expandability. Technology is continually evolving, and it is important to select a system that allows for future upgrades and additions. Compatibility with digital audio networking protocols like Dante or AVB can facilitate seamless integration of new audio devices and provide flexibility for future enhancements. Consider whether the chosen system can support additional inputs, outputs, or functionalities that may be required in the future. This forward-thinking approach will save the church from costly replacements or significant modifications down the line.

For example: A modular PA system, including Line Source component systems can be expanded as the church grows, to include more speaker elements and better cover an expanding space.

5 – Acoustic Analysis:

Before investing in a sound system, it is essential to conduct a thorough acoustic analysis of the church building. Acoustic characteristics such as room size, shape, materials, and resonances play a crucial role in system design. Understanding the acoustics will help determine the appropriate speaker placement, sound absorption, and diffusion requirements, ensuring clear and intelligible audio throughout the space.

The analysis may involve measuring the reverberation time, identifying any acoustic anomalies, and determining the most suitable speaker locations. Acoustic treatments like diffusers, absorbers, or bass traps may be necessary to address specific issues. Consulting with an acoustic engineer or audio professional can provide valuable insights and ensure the sound system is optimized for the unique characteristics of the church.

6 – User-Friendliness and Training:

When it comes to implementing a new sound system, it’s crucial to consider the structural and electrical challenges that may arise. Firstly, from a structural perspective, the venue’s layout and architecture play a significant role in determining speaker placement and sound distribution. Factors such as room dimensions, wall materials, and ceiling height can affect the acoustic characteristics of the space. Sound engineers must carefully assess these elements to ensure optimal coverage and minimize audio reflections or dead spots. Additionally, mounting speakers or running cables might pose challenges in older or historically significant venues, requiring creative solutions to maintain the integrity of the space while achieving optimal sound quality.

On the electrical front, it is essential to evaluate the power requirements of the new sound system. High-quality audio equipment often demands substantial electrical power, so it is crucial to ensure that the venue’s electrical infrastructure can handle the load. Conduct a thorough inspection of the existing electrical system and consult with an electrician to determine if any upgrades or modifications are necessary. Adequate power distribution, grounding, and surge protection measures must be implemented to prevent electrical issues that can compromise the performance and safety of the sound system.

By thoroughly considering the structural and electrical challenges associated with implementing a new sound system, sound engineers can proactively address potential issues, create a seamless installation process, and ultimately deliver an exceptional audio experience for both performers and the audience.

7 – Equipment Quality and Reliability:

Investing in high-quality audio equipment from reputable manufacturers is crucial for long-term reliability and performance. Church sound systems endure regular use, so reliability is a top priority. Durable components with good warranties will reduce the risk of malfunctions and minimize downtime during services. While it is possible to save money by ordering the ‘bottom of the barrel” cheap equipment, your church may struggle to get the quality of audio that is desired out of the cheapest systems.

Research and select equipment known for its quality and longevity. Consider factors such as speaker durability, microphone sensitivity, and amplifier stability. Additionally, choose equipment that aligns with the specific requirements of the church, ensuring it delivers the desired audio quality and meets the congregation’s needs.

8 – Room Aesthetics:

Consider the visual impact of the sound system on the church’s aesthetics. While audio performance is crucial, it is equally important to maintain the visual integrity of the worship space. Speakers, microphones, and other equipment should be carefully placed to blend seamlessly with the architecture and decor.

Consult with audio professionals who can recommend discreet or custom-designed speaker enclosures that match the church’s aesthetic requirements. Microphones can be selected to minimize visual obstructions or customized to match the color and style of the surroundings. Preserving the overall ambiance will ensure the sound system seamlessly integrates into the church’s design.

9 – Accessibility and Inclusivity:

Ensure the sound system design takes into account the accessibility and inclusivity needs of all congregants. Consider incorporating features like hearing assistance devices, loop systems, or visual aids for individuals with hearing impairments. The goal should be to create an inclusive worship environment where everyone can fully participate.

Install assistive listening devices or loop systems that enable individuals with hearing impairments to better hear and understand the service. Ensure that the sound system can accommodate the needs of individuals who require specific audio adjustments or hearing aids. By fostering an inclusive environment, the church can cater to the diverse needs of its congregation.

10 – Maintenance and Support:

Lastly, plan for ongoing maintenance and technical support for the sound system. Regular inspections, equipment updates, and calibration should be scheduled to keep the system performing optimally. The Penn Group offers sound system tuning for existing public address systems and includes a tune for all newly installed Pas. Ongoing maintenance of drivers should occur after extended heavy use, or at least once every 10 years. For equipment with onboard amplifiers, consider the longevity of the amplifiers, the operating conditions, and care that is needed, especially with flown speakers. Powered speakers are convenient but may be difficult to repair.

Installing a new sound system in a church is a significant undertaking that requires careful planning and consideration. By addressing the top 10 considerations outlined above, churches can ensure a well-designed sound system that enhances the worship experience, delivers clear and intelligible audio, and caters to the diverse needs of the congregation. Professional consultation, budgeting, compatibility, user-friendliness, and accessibility are key aspects that should not be overlooked. By investing time and effort into sound system planning, churches can create a transformative audio environment that enriches their worship services. By giving thoughtful consideration to these top 10 considerations, churches can make informed decisions, seek professional guidance, and invest wisely in a sound system that will uplift their worship services and provide an immersive and transformative audio experience for their congregation.

Have Your Church Sound System Professionally Tuned by The Penn Group: